Amathuluzi abalulekile okuqapha amalogi eseva: Umhlahlandlela ophelele

Ukuphatha amaseva kuhilela ukubhekana nezinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe, enye ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha amalogi ukuqinisekisa impilo, ukusebenza, kanye nokuphepha kwengqalasizinda. Nakuba leli gama lingase lizwakale liyitheknoloji ngandlela-thile, ukubaluleka kwalo okubalulekile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza akufanele kunganakwa. Ukuqoqwa, ukuhlaziywa, kanye nokubonwa kahle kwamalogi kungaba umehluko phakathi kokulindela usongo lokuphepha kwe-cyber kanye nokubanjwa yinkinga ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umhlaba wamathuluzi okuqapha amalogi eseva , simboze konke kusukela ezinkethweni ezilula nezikhululekile kakhulu kuya kwizixazululo zezentengiselwano ezithuthuke kakhulu. Lona umthombo obalulekile kokubili kubaphathi bezinhlelo abanolwazi kanye nalabo abasanda kuqala ezweni lokuphathwa kweseva kanye nesevisi yamafu.

Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukuqapha amalogi eseva?

Amalogi ayirekhodi elibukhoma lakho konke okwenzekayo kumaseva ethu. Kusukela emizamweni yokufinyelela namaphutha kuya ekushintsheni kokucushwa, imizamo yokungena, kanye nokwehluleka kwehadiwe. Ukungazinaki lezi logi kufana nokushayela imoto ngaphandle kokubheka ideshibhodi : kungase kusebenze isikhashana, kodwa ngokushesha noma kamuva, kuzovela izinkinga.

• Ukutholwa kosongo kusenesikhathi: Ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kuvame ukushiya izinkomba ezingodweni ngaphambi kokuba kubangele umonakalo wangempela. Amathuluzi akhethekile angahlaziya lezi zingodo futhi avuse izexwayiso mayelana nomsebenzi osolisayo.
• Isixazululo sesigameko esisheshayo: Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, izingodo ziwumthombo oyinhloko wolwazi lokuqonda okwenzekile nokuthi kungalungiswa kanjani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezimali kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho: Ezimbonini eziningi, kuyimpoqo ukugcina amarekhodi anemininingwane ukuze kuboniswe ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha.

Izinhlobo zamathuluzi okuqapha amalogi kumaseva

Njengamanje, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezixazululo zokuqapha amalogi ezitholakalayo. Ezinye zigxila ekuqoqweni nasekugcinweni kuphela, kanti ezinye zigcizelela ukuhlaziywa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokubonwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele kuncike kakhulu kusayizi wengqalasizinda yakho, isabelomali sakho, kanye nezinhloso ezithile zenkampani yakho.

Amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile

Izinhlangano eziningi zikhetha izixazululo zomthombo ovulekile ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Phakathi kwezindlela ezidumile kakhulu yilezi:

• I-ELK Stack (i-Elasticsearch, i-Logstash, i-Kibana): Isiza esisemthethweniLe suite ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwelogi (i-Logstash), isitoreji nokusesha (i-Elasticsearch), kanye nokuboniswa (i-Kibana). Kuyisisombululo esinamandla, esijwayelekile, esifanele kokubili amabhizinisi amancane kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu.
• I-Graylog: Isiza esisemthethweniIkuvumela ukuthi uqoqe, ubhale uhlu, futhi uhlaziye idatha yelogi, wethule imibuzo namadeshibhodi angenziwa ngezifiso. Iyandiswa futhi ine-interface elula ukuyisebenzisa.
• I-Fluentd: Isiza esisemthethweniEkuqaleni yasungulwa yi-Treasure Data, i-Fluentd yenza kube lula ukuqoqwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamalogi avela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene futhi ingahlanganiswa kalula nezinye izinhlelo noma izizindalwazi.
• I-Syslog-ng: Isiza esisemthethweniNjengoba ithuthukiswa yi-syslog yakudala, inikeza ukucushwa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusekelwa kwemithombo eminingi kanye nezinqubo.

amathuluzi okuhweba

Kulabo abafuna ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe, izici ezithuthukisiwe, noma ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izixazululo zebhizinisi, kunemikhiqizo yezentengiselwano esezingeni eliphezulu etholakalayo. I-Splunk isibe yindinganiso ecishe ibe yiyo ezinkampanini eziningi ezinkulu ngenxa yamakhono ayo okuhlaziya anamandla, izexwayiso zesikhathi sangempela, kanye nesistimu yohlelo lokusebenza. I-Splunk ithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu ngenxa yokulula kwayo ekuhlanganiseni amalogi nolwazi oluvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene.

Ngaphandle kwe-Splunk, ezinye izinketho eziphawulekayo zifaka:

• I-Loggly: Isiza esisemthethweniIsevisi esekelwe efwini ekuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise futhi uhlaziye amalogi ngendlela efanele. I-interface yayo ibonakala kakhulu futhi ivumela ukusesha okusheshayo.
• I-Sumo Logic: Isiza esisemthethweniKugxilwe kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni okuthuthukisiwe, ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze kuhlotshaniswe izehlakalo futhi kutholakale izinto ezingavamile.
• I-Datadog: Isiza esisemthethweniIhlanganisa ukuqapha amalogi kwingqalasizinda ebanzi kanye nepulatifomu yokuqapha izinhlelo zokusebenza, efanelekile kuma-DevOps kanye nezindawo zamafu.
• Umzila wephepha: Isiza esisemthethweniUbulula kanye nesivinini sokufakwa kuyizinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu, ezenzelwe abasebenzisi abadinga ukuqapha amalogi okulula.

Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwamathuluzi okuqapha amalogi adumile

Ukuze sikusize unqume, silungiselele ukuqhathanisa sicabangela izici ezifana nokulula kokusetshenziswa, ukukhuliswa, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nezindleko. Leli thebula lifingqa lokho ongakulindela kusixazululo ngasinye salezi :

Ithuluzi	I-Tipo	Ukusetshenziswa kalula	Ukwehluka	Bonisa	Intengo
Isitaki se-ELK	Umthombo ovulekile	Okuphansi-okumaphakathi (kudinga ukucushwa)	Phezulu kakhulu	Excelente	Mahhala (izindleko zengqalasizinda)
Mpunga	Umthombo ovulekile / wentengiso	Maphakathi	Alta	Kuhle	Kumahhala / Kukhokhelwe
eqephuzayo	Umthombo ovulekile	Okuphansi-okumaphakathi	Alta	Ukuhlanganiswa kuncike	Mahhala
I-splunk	commercial	Alta	Phezulu kakhulu	Excelente	Inkokhelo (izindleko eziphezulu kuye ngokuthi ivolumu ingakanani)
Ngena ngemvume	Ezentengiselwano (Ifu)	Phezulu kakhulu	Alta	Muy buena	Ukukhokha
ISumo Logic	Ezentengiselwano (Ifu)	Alta	Alta	Muy buena	Ukukhokha
I-Datadog	Ezentengiselwano (SaaS)	Phezulu kakhulu	Phezulu kakhulu	Muy buena	Ukukhokha
Umzila wamaphepha	Ezentengiselwano (Ifu)	Phezulu kakhulu	Maphakathi	Kuhle	Ukukhokha

[i-url ehlobene=»https://www.tecnoloblog.com/hardening-for-linux-servers/»]

Izinto ezibalulekile esixazululweni esihle sokuqapha amalogi

Ngaphandle kokukhetha ithuluzi elithile, kunezici ezithile okungafanele ziphuthelwe ukuze kuqashwe kahle ilogi yeseva:

• Iqoqo elimaphakathi: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unamaseva amangaki, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa amalogi endaweni eyodwa ukuze uwahlaziye futhi uhlobanise imicimbi.
• Ukuhlaziya ngesikhathi sangempela: Ikhono lokubona izinkinga ngokushesha lingavimbela izinhlekelele zangempela zokusebenza.
• Ukubona ngeso okunembile: Amadeshibhodi namagrafu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuqonda okwenzekayo ohlelweni.
• Izexwayiso ezilungisekayo: Akwanele ukubona okwenzekile: kubalulekile ukuthola izexwayiso lapho kwenzeka into engavamile.
• Ukwehluka: Ithuluzi elikhethiwe kumele likwazi ukukhula nawe futhi lisekele ukwanda kwenani lamalogi ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka.

Indlela yokukhetha ithuluzi elifanele kakhulu

Ngaphandle kohlu olungenhla, kunezici eziningana ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ithuluzi elifanele amaseva akho:

1. Inani lamaseva kanye nevolumu yelogi: Ukuphatha iwebhusayithi yomuntu siqu akufani nokuphatha ingqalasizinda yenkampani yonke. Yenza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sedatha ukuze unqume ukuthi udinga ikhambi elingandiswa kakhulu.
2. Isabelomali: Amathuluzi amaningi omthombo ovulekile amahhala, kodwa ukwesekwa kochwepheshe noma izinketho ezithuthukisiwe ngokuvamile kuyakhokhelwa.
3. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweqembu: Amanye amathuluzi adinga ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lobuchwepheshe. Hlola ukuthi ithimba lakho lingakwazi yini ukuwasingatha ngaphambi kokuqalisa.
4. Ukuhambisana nengqalasizinda yakho: Kubalulekile ukuthi ithuluzi elikhethiwe lihlanganiswe kalula nezinye izinhlelo nezinsizakalo osuvele uzisebenzisa.
5. Ukuthobela imithetho nemigomo: Uma uphatha idatha ebucayi noma usebenza emkhakheni olawulwayo, qiniseka ukuthi ithuluzi liyahlangabezana nezimfuneko zomthetho.

Imikhuba emihle kakhulu namathiphu okuqapha amalogi

• Chaza ukuthi yiziphi izingodo ozidingayo: Ungaqophi yonke into ngokuzenzakalelayo. Nquma ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhiqiza ulwazi olufanele ibhizinisi lakho.
• Misa izinqubomgomo zokugcina: Gcina izingodo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ekuhlaziyeni kwakho kanye nezidingo zomthetho, kodwa ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile izinhlelo zakho zokugcina.
• Izimpendulo zenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo: Uma ithuluzi lakho likuvumela, lungiselela izikripthi ezizenzakalelayo zezehlakalo ezithile (ukuqala kabusha, ukuvimba i-IP, njll.).
• Qeqesha iqembu lakho: Ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu alisebenzi uma kungekho muntu owaziyo ukuthi angalichaza kanjani. Sebenzisa leli thuba ukuqeqesha abaphathi ekuhlaziyweni kwelogi kanye nokuphendula kwezehlakalo.

Ikusasa lokuqapha amalogi

Ukwenziwa kwebhizinisi libe yidijithali kanye nokwanda kwengqalasizinda yamafu kuye kwandisa isidingo sezixazululo zokuqapha ezithuthukisiwe. Namuhla, ukufunda komshini kanye namasu obuhlakani bokwenziwa kufakwa kumathuluzi okuqapha amalogi . Lokhu kuvumela ukutholakala kwamaphethini angajwayelekile, ukuvimbela izinkinga, futhi konga isikhathi samaqembu e-IT.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulatifomu amaningi akhetha amamodeli e-SaaS (Software as a Service), okususa isidingo sokugcina amaseva awo futhi okuvumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo kusuka noma kuphi.

Ukuqonda amathuluzi okuqapha amalogi eseva sekubalulekile kunoma iyiphi inkampani efuna ukusinda endaweni yezobuchwepheshe eyandayo. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufanele akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kodwa futhi kwenza umsebenzi wethimba lobuchwepheshe ube lula futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho.